What does 'extravasation' refer to in IV therapy?

Extravasation in IV therapy refers to the leakage of IV fluid or medication into the surrounding tissue outside of the vein. This phenomenon can occur when the intravenous catheter becomes dislodged or when a vein bursts. The leakage can lead to local tissue damage or other complications, depending on the nature of the fluid involved, such as whether it is irritant or vesicant.

Understanding extravasation is crucial for healthcare professionals, as timely recognition and intervention can help mitigate potential tissue damage. Monitoring the IV site for signs of swelling, redness, pain, or changes in temperature can be critical in preventing or addressing extravasation. In practice, proper placement and management of IV lines are essential measures to minimize the risk of this occurrence.